Another major conflict was between the Alexandrian and Antiochian schools of ecclesiastical reflection, piety, and discourse. At the time of her death, she was probably over sixty years of age. Librarians Her cult migrated to the West with the crusading knights when they returned from the Holy Land in the twelfth century. Archbishop Theophilus was responsible for sending John … Theophilus had them persecuted as Origenists. He was enthroned when the city was at the height of its influence and power within the Roman Empire. However, when John of Antioch and the other pro-Nestorius bishops finally reached Ephesus, they assembled their own Council, condemned Cyril for heresy, deposed him from his see, and labelled him as a "monster, born and educated for the destruction of the church". The religious argument involved the relation of the divine and human within Jesus Christ. Cyril was regarded by his disciples as a saint soon after his death. Cyril regarded the embodiment of God in the person of Jesus Christ to be so mystically powerful that it spread out from the body of the God-man into the rest of the race, to reconstitute human nature into a graced and deified condition of the saints, one that promised immortality and transfiguration to believers. Chrysostom was subsequently deposed. He closed the churches of the Novatians, a schismatic sect that denied the power of the church to absolve those who had lapsed into idolatry during persecution. Catherine of Siena is one of only four women who were named doctor of the church, meaning that her writings, including the mystical The Dialogue and her prayers and letters, have special authority in Roman Catholicism. His uncle, Theophilus, was the patriarch or archbishop. When they did reach Ephesus, they reconvened the council and condemned Cyril. [29] According to lexicographer William Smith, "She was accused of too much familiarity with Orestes, prefect of Alexandria, and the charge spread among the clergy, who took up the notion that she interrupted the friendship of Orestes with their archbishop, Cyril. Cyril of Alexandria (Greek: Κύριλλος Ἀλεξανδρείας; Coptic: Ⲡⲁⲡⲁ Ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲩ ⲁ̅ also ⲡⲓ̀ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ Ⲕⲓⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ; c. 376 – 444) was the Patriarch of Alexandria from 412 to 444. This is all to the good, for he was one of the acutest theologians of the Patristic… The divine Logos was really present in the flesh and in the world—not merely bestowed upon, semantically affixed to, or morally associated with the man Jesus, as the adoptionists and, he believed, Nestorius had taught. Cyril's constant stress was on the simple idea that it was God who walked the streets of Nazareth (hence Mary was Theotokos, meaning "God bearer", which became in Latin "Mater Dei or Dei Genitrix", or Mother of God), and God who had appeared in a transfigured humanity. The conflict concerned not only doctrinal matters; it also reflected the Egyptians’ fear that Constantinople might come to dominate them. Author and Publisher - Catholic Online Printable Catholic Saints PDFs Shop St. Cyril of Alexandria (Cyril the Great) martyr. Continue reading about St. Cyril of Alexandria ← Sts. Saint Cyril of Alexandria. His following spread among the nations he evangelized and subsequently to the wider Christian Church, and he was famous as a holy man, along with his brother Methodius. [12] Theophilus arrived at Constantinople with twenty-nine of his suffragan bishops, and conferring with those opposed to the Archbishop, drafted a long list of largely unfounded accusations against Chrysostom,[13] who refused to recognize the legality of a synod in which his open enemies were judges. A monk named Ammonius threw a stone hitting Orestes in the head. St. Cyril of Alexandria, (born c. 375—died June 27, 444; Western feast day June 27; Eastern feast day June 9), Christian theologian and bishop active in the complex doctrinal struggles of the 5th century. Nestorius, on the other hand, saw the incarnation as primarily a moral and ethical example to the faithful, to follow in the footsteps of Jesus. After living for several years as a monk in the Nitrian Mountains, he succeeded his uncle Theophilus on the patriarchal chair of Alexandria, in 412. Cyril received a classical and theological education at Alexandria and was ordained by his uncle. Christ, according to Nestorius, was the conjunction of the Godhead with his "temple" (which Nestorius was fond of calling his human nature). Alden A. Mosshammer (2008) The Easter Computus and the Origins of the Christian Era: Oxford (, Konrad F. Zawadzki, Der Kommentar Cyrills von Alexandrien zum 1. Even so, the dispute continued, and peace in the church was only restored in 433, when Cyril accepted a statement, representing a compromise with Antioch, that emphasized the distinctness of the two natures within the one person of Christ. They plotted to flush the Christians out at night by running through the streets claiming that the Church of Alexander was on fire. Menu. Like his predecessor, he distinguished himself by his violence against any deviation from what he considered orthodox faith. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [16], Tension between the parties increased when in 415, Orestes published an edict that outlined new regulations regarding mime shows and dancing exhibitions in the city, which attracted large crowds and were commonly prone to civil disorder of varying degrees. News of Hypatia's murder provoked great public denunciation, not only of Cyril but of the whole Alexandrian Christian community. In addition to commentaries on selected passages of the first five books of the Old Testament, on Isaiah, and on the Gospels of John and Luke, Cyril’s writings included a reply to Against the Galileans by Julian the Apostate, Roman emperor from 361 to 363, who had been brought up as a Christian but announced his conversion to paganism on his accession. Cyril is well known for his dispute with Nestorius and his supporter, Patriarch John of Antioch, whom Cyril excluded from the Council of Ephesus for arriving late. Preface to the online edition, «St Cyril of Alexandria and his relations with the ruler Orestes and the philosopher Hypatia », « The one entity of the Word Incarnate. His uncle meant well, but he had a bad temper and could be stubborn at times. "[37] [22][23], The Prefect Orestes enjoyed the political backing of Hypatia, an astronomer, philosopher and mathematician who had considerable moral authority in the city of Alexandria, and who had extensive influence. She is the patron saint of Christian philosophers, teachers and librarians. Posts about St. Cyril and St. Methodius Patron Saints of Europe written by catholicsstrivingforholiness. The council was convoked before Nestorius's supporters from Antioch and Syria had arrived and thus Nestorius refused to attend when summoned. [24] A mob, led by a lector named Peter, took Hypatia from her chariot and murdered her, hacking her body apart and burning the pieces outside the city walls.[25][26]. Korintherbrief. He is chiefly known for his campaign against Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, whose views on Christ’s nature were to be declared heretical. Ein neues griechisches Fragment aus dem Johanneskommentar des Cyrill von Alexandrien, Biblica 99 (2018), 393-413, Konrad F. Zawadzki, Der Kommentar Cyrills von Alexandrien zum 2. In 403, he accompanied his uncle to attend the "Synod of the Oak" in Constantinople,[9] which deposed John Chrysostom as Archbishop of Constantinople. Cyril wrote extensively and was a leading protagonist in the Christological controversies of the late-4th and 5th centuries. How long will the footprints on the moon last? The conflict came to a head in 428 after Nestorius, who originated in Antioch, was made Archbishop of Constantinople.[31]. These monks had resorted to violence 15 years before, during a controversy between Theophilus (Cyril's uncle) and the "Tall Brothers"; the monks assaulted Orestes and accused him of being a pagan. The prefect then wrote to the emperor Theodosius II, as did Cyril. St. Cyril of Alexandria, (born c. 375—died June 27, 444; Western feast day June 27; Eastern feast day June 9), Christian theologian and bishop active in the complex doctrinal struggles of the 5th century. More. This page was last edited on 7 May 2021, at 15:40. At Easter 429 A.D., Cyril wrote a letter to the Egyptian monks warning them of Nestorius's views. File:Church of St Cyril of Turau and All the Patron Saints of the Belarusian People (2016-11-24).jpg From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository Jump to navigation Jump to search Historians disagree over the extent of his responsibility in this. Cyril gained an opportunity to restore Alexandria's pre-eminence over both Antioch and Constantinople when an Antiochine priest who was in Constantinople at Nestorius' behest began to preach against calling Mary the "Mother of God" (Theotokos). Orestes, Praefectus augustalis of the Diocese of Egypt, steadfastly resisted Cyril's ecclesiastical encroachment onto secular prerogatives. Thus, the struggle between the sees of Alexandria and Antioch now included Constantinople. St. Cyril received an important recognition of his preachings by the Second Council of Constantinople (553 d.C.) which declared; Cyril was a scholarly archbishop and a prolific writer. Nestorius refused to accept such terminology, and their dispute was referred to the council at Ephesus in 431. Saints are not born with halos around their heads. The Logos Incarnate suffered and died on the Cross, and therefore the Son was able to suffer without suffering. Then, when the Son became flesh and entered the world, the pre-Incarnate divine nature and assumed human nature both remained, but became united in the person of Jesus. Cyril remained a chief citizen of Egypt, and in his struggle with Nestorius he was in some ways a political as well as a religious leader. His uncle meant well, but he had a bad temper and could be stubborn at times. He couldn't have known, as we do, that the famous John Chrysostom would be a saint some day. [34] Theodosius, by now old enough to hold power by himself, annulled the verdict of the Council and arrested Cyril, but Cyril eventually escaped. The question was not what honors were due to Mary, but how one was to speak of the birth of Jesus. Saints Alive! Our knowledge of Saint Cyril’s childhood education and early upbringing is quite meager. Saint Name: St. Cyril of Alexandria Place: XX Birth: 376 Death: 444 Feast: 27 June. The canonizationprocess was much more relaxed in the decades following Cyril's death than today. Doctor of the Church. [2] It is also important to note that Cyril's Paschal table was provided with a Metonic basic structure in the form of a Metonic 19-year lunar cycle adopted by him around AD 425, which was very different from the first Metonic 19-year lunar cycle invented around AD 260 by Anatolius, but exactly equal to the similar lunar cycle which had been introduced around AD 412 by Annianus; the julian equivalent of this Alexandrian lunar cycle adopted by Cyril and nowadays referred to as the 'classical (Alexandrian) 19-year lunar cycle' would only much later emerge again: a century later in Rome as the basic structure of Dionysius Exiguus’ Paschal table (AD 525) and two more centuries later in England as the one of Beda's Easter table (AD 725).[3]. Cyril is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 28 June. Cyril affirmed that the Holy Trinity consists of a singular divine nature, essence, and being (ousia) in three distinct aspects, instantiations, or subsistencies of being (hypostases). Thus, Cyril followed his uncle in a position that had become powerful and influential, rivalling that of the prefect in a time of turmoil and frequently violent conflict between the cosmopolitan city's pagan, Jewish, and Christian inhabitants. Cyril was born in Alexandria, Egypt, in 370. The Catholic Encyclopedia, "The Burning of the Library of Alexandria". [4] The same date has been chosen for the Lutheran calendar. St. Cyril of Alexandria who was born in 376 AD was the Patriarch of Alexandria from 412 to 444. Susan Wessel says that, while it is not clear whether Scholasticus was a Novationist (whose churches Cyril had closed), he was apparently sympathetic towards them, and makes clear Cyril's habit of abusing his episcopal power by infringing on the rights and duties of the secular authorities. There aren't any primary sources about the Hypatia episode. St. Cyril of Alexandria St. Cyril of Alexandria. The patron saints of secretaries are St. Catherine of Alexandria and St. Genesius of Arles. "[T]he debate was not so much about Mary as about Jesus. Objectives: Students should know who he was and what he did. Patron: of Alexandria Birth: 376 Death: 444. Cyril's Single Subjectivity and the Prosopic Union", "Single Subjectivity and the Prosopic Union in Cyril of Alexandria and Theodore of Mopsuestia", Multilanguage Opera Omnia (Greek Edition by Migne Patrologia Graeca), Early Church Fathers: Cyril of Alexandria, The Monophysism of St Cyril of Alexandria, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyril_of_Alexandria&oldid=1021948314, 5th-century Popes and Patriarchs of Alexandria, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The Pillar of Faith; Seal of all the Fathers; Bishop, Confessor, Bishop of Alexandria, Teacher of the Faithand and also (in the Catholic Church) Doctor of the Church. In 429 as the Christological controversies increased, the output of his writings was so extensive that his opponents could not match it. Кирилл Александрийский и его отношения с епархом Орестом и философом Ипатией by EIRINI ARTEMI (6 January 2014) Kindle Purchase. Korintherbrief, Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum 21 (2017), 304-360, Konrad F. Zawadzki, "Keiner soll die Lektüre der Schrift durcheinanderbringen!" The anthropology (doctrine of humankind) of the Eastern Fathers does not view the individual as an autonomous being but rather implies that communion with God makes the individual fully human. St. Cyril of Alexandria He seems to have been of an Alexandrian family and was the son of the brother of Theophilus, Patriarch of Alexandria; if he is the Cyril addressed by Isidore of Pelusium in Ep. [7] His mother remained close to her brother and under his guidance, Cyril was well educated. Autocephaly recognized universally de facto, by some Autocephalous Churches de jure: Autocephaly recognized by Constantinople and 3 other Autocephalous Churches: Cyril of Alexandria (Greek: Κύριλλος Ἀλεξανδρείας; Coptic: Ⲡⲁⲡⲁ Ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲩ ⲁ̅ also ⲡⲓ̀ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ Ⲕⲓⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ; c. 376 – 444) was the Patriarch of Alexandria from 412 to 444. Country of Saints and Important Dates. Cyril passionately argued for the continuity of a single subject, God the Word, from the pre-Incarnate state to the Incarnate state. Jun 27, 2016 - Until fairly recently, St Cyril of Alexandria, whose feast day it is today, was a neglected figure in Patristics. These distinct hypostases are the Father or God in Himself, the Son or Word (Logos), and the Holy Spirit. In particular, he especially argued that Christ is both a fully human and fully divine person. St. Cyril of Alexandria The controversy centered around the two natures in Christ. St Cyril died in 444 and became the Doctor of the Church in 1883. [36] Some of his alleged homilies are in dispute as to his authorship. Cyril, recognized as a great teacher of the Church, began his career as archbishop of Alexandria, Egypt, with impulsive, often violent, actions. He was enthroned when the city was at the height of its influence and power within the Roman Empire. [5], Little is known for certain of Cyril's early life. "[37] The conflict with Nestorius was mainly over this issue, and it has often been misunderstood. Omissions? In several writings, Cyril focuses on the love of Jesus to his mother. "Whitfield, Bryan J., "The Beauty of Reasoning: A Reexamination of Hypatia and Alexandria", The rejection of the term Theotokos by Nestorius Constantinople, Cyril of Alexandria, Commentary on John, LFC 43, 48 (1874/1885). Cyril died about 444, but the controversies were to continue for decades, from the "Robber Synod" of Ephesus (449) to the Council of Chalcedon (451) and beyond. On the Cross, he overcomes his pain and thinks of his mother. Cyril tried to oblige the pious Christian emperor Theodosius II (AD 408–450) to himself by dedicating his Paschal table to him. Skip to content. *Markianos is considered Mark II on the Greek side of the subsequent schism, hence this numbering of Mark III. CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA was b. in Alexandria, towards the close of the fourth century, sand d. there in 444. The brothers' first appearance in a papal document is in Grande M… Orestes rejected the accusations, showing that he had been baptised by the Archbishop of Constantinople. Rather than repudiating the priest, Nestorius intervened on his behalf. [19], According to Socrates Scholasticus, after Cyril rounded up all the Jews in Alexandria he ordered them to be stripped of all possessions, banished them from Alexandria, and allowed their goods to be pillaged by the remaining citizens of Alexandria. His writings and his theology have remained central to the tradition of the Fathers and to all Orthodox to this day. He expelled the … Yet the 1969 Catholic Calendar revision moved it to 27 June, considered to be the day of the saint's death, as celebrated by the Coptic Orthodox Church. The edict angered Christians as well as Jews. Oct 15, 2016 - Today we celebrate the feast of St. Cyril of Alexandria, a Church Father. His uncle, Theophilus, was the patriarch or archbishop. Church of St Cyril of Turau and All the Patron Saints of the Belarusian People (Belarusian: Царква Сьвятога Кірылы Тураўскага і ўсіх сьвятых заступнікаў беларускага народу, also known as the Belarusian Memorial Chapel) is a wooden church in Woodside Park, London. He had not waited, however, for the arrival of certain bishops from the East, particularly from the see of Antioch, where Nestorius had lived before he became bishop of Constantinople. Several Christians thought that Hypatia's influence had caused Orestes to reject all conciliatory offerings by Cyril. As the term "Mother of God" had long been attached to Mary, the laity in Constantinople complained against the priest. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. A copy of this letter reached Constantinople where Nestorius preached a sermon against it. Artemi, Eirini, Свт. He is also known for his expulsion of Novatians and Jews from Alexandria and for inflaming tensions that led to the murder of the Hellenistic philosopher Hypatia by a Christian mob. Armed with a commission to represent Pope Celestine I as well as himself, Cyril convened the council and condemned Nestorius. …Council of Ephesus (431)—led by St. Cyril, patriarch of Alexandria (reigned 412–444) and nephew of Athanasius—condemned an extreme Antiochene Christology taught by Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople. In the early years of his active life in the Church he wrote several exegetical documents. Possible Lesson Plan: Open with prayer. The controversy seemed to be centered on the issue of the suffering of Christ. Korintherbrief. The position of Nestorius was that Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, may not properly be called mother of God (Greek, His opponents—first the Alexandrian patriarch, Cyril, and later Cyril’s successor, Dioscorus, and a monk named Eutyches—in reaction stressed Christ’s divinity and its relationship with Christ’s human nature through the Incarnation. Cyril selected Ephesus[8] as the venue since it supported the veneration of Mary. There were calls for Cyril's canonization from the crowds lining the Roman streets during his funeral procession. Cyril’s importance for theology and Church history lies in his championing the cause of orthodoxy against the heresy of Nestorius, who taught that in Christ there were two persons, one human and one divine. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. When the morning came, Cyril, along with many of his followers, took to the city's synagogues in search of the perpetrators of the massacre. His writings include the homily given in Ephesus and several other sermons. St. Cyril has his feast in the Western Church on the 28th of January; in the Greek Menaea it is found on the 9th of June, and (together with St. Athanasius) Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This date is used by the Western Rite Orthodox Church. Modern historians think that Orestes had cultivated his relationship with Hypatia to strengthen a bond with the pagan community of Alexandria, as he had done with the Jewish one, in order to better manage the tumultuous political life of the Egyptian capital. Nitrian monks came from the desert and instigated a riot against Orestes among the population of Alexandria. He succeeded his uncle Theophilus as bishop of the see of Alexandria in 412 and came in conflict with the civil administration over the zeal with which he championed orthodoxy. He was nephew of the patriarch of that city, Theophilus. Thomas Gerard Weinandy, Daniel A. Keating, Pope Cyril of Alexandria (disambiguation), Dioscorus the Great "The Champion of Orthodoxy", third canon of the First Council of Constantinople, Third Epistle of Cyril to Nestorius (containing the twelve anathemas), Formula of Reunion: In Brief (A summation of the reunion between Cyril and John of Antioch), The "Formula of Reunion", between Cyril and John of Antioch, Five tomes against Nestorius (Adversus Nestorii blasphemias), That Christ is One (Quod unus sit Christus), Scholia on the incarnation of the Only-Begotten (Scholia de incarnatione Unigeniti), Against Diodore of Tarsus and Theodore of Mopsuestia (fragments), Saint Cyril of Alexandria, patron saint archive, https://st-takla.org/Saints/Coptic-Orthodox-Saints-Biography/Coptic-Saints-Story_1492.html, "Saint Cyril of Alexandria", Franciscan Media, Chapman, John. The conflict came to the fore over Cyril’s insistence that the Virgin Mary be called Theotokos (Greek: God-bearer) to describe the intimate union of the two natures in the Incarnation. Who needs your care more right now? Jun 29, 2013 - June 27- St. Cyril of Alexandria, Patron of Alexandria, Egypt: During the early years of Christianity, St. Cyril found himself to be at the heart of many theological arguments. Wessel says "...Socrates probably does not provide accurate and unambiguous information about Cyril's relationship to imperial authority".[20]. This long running conflict widened with the third canon of the First Council of Constantinople which granted the see of Constantinople primacy over the older sees of Alexandria and Antioch. "[30] Scholasticus writes that Hypatia ultimately fell "victim to the political jealousy which at the time prevailed". Nestorius argued that Mary was neither a "Mother of Man" nor "Mother of God" as these referred to Christ's two natures; rather, Mary was the "Mother of Christ" (Greek: Christotokos). Students should know the word, “Theotokos”, and what it means. The Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Churches celebrate his feast day on 9 June and also, together with Pope Athanasius I of Alexandria, on 18 January. Cyril created the basis for all other mariological developments through his teaching of the blessed Virgin Mary, as the "Mother of God. I, he was for a time a monk.He accompanied Theophilus to Constantinople when that bishop held the "Synod of the Oak" in 402 and deposed St. John Chrysostom. He was a central figure in the Council of Ephesus in 431, which led to the deposition of Nestorius as Patriarch of Constantinople. In some ways, yes, I would agree. Cyril of Alexandria became noted in Church history because of his spirited fight for the title "Theotokos[35]" during the First Council of Ephesus (431). Cyril was born in Alexandria, Egypt, in 370. [27] Damascius's account of the Christian murder of Hypatia is the sole historical source attributing direct responsibility to Bishop Cyril. St. Cyril or YiM? Catholic life. [34] [17] Orestes had Hierax tortured in public in a theatre. This refusal almost cost Orestes his life. xxv of Bk. [28] Some modern studies represent Hypatia's death as the result of a struggle between two Christian factions, the moderate Orestes, supported by Hypatia, and the more rigid Cyril. The main issue that prompted this dispute between Cyril and Nestorius was the question which arose at the Council of Constantinople: What exactly was the being to which Mary gave birth? Indeed, many students from wealthy and influential families came to Alexandria purposely to study privately with Hypatia, and many of these later attained high posts in government and the Church. Thanks to the works of the Rev Prof John McGuckin, and Norman Tanner (SJ) and others, this is changing. Many people felt that Hierax was attempting to incite the crowd—particularly the Jews—into sedition. He couldn't have known, as we do, that the famous John Chrysostom would be a saint some day. "[32] However, Nestorius claimed that the Son of God was altogether incapable of suffering, even within his union with the flesh. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Is YiM struggling constantly at the Church's threshold? Pray for us! What is St Catherine the patron saint of? Jun 27, 2012 - St Cyril of Alexandria, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor. Saints and Important Dates. At the wedding in Cana, he bows to her wishes. When Christians responded to what they were led to believe was the burning down of their church, "the Jews immediately fell upon and slew them" by using rings to recognize one another in the dark and killing everyone else in sight. Riots ensued, and Cyril, who if not directly responsible at least had done nothing to prevent them, was forced to acknowledge the authority of the civil government. [21] Nevertheless, Orestes remained unmoved by such gestures. α. Apollinarius' explanation, β. Cyril's explanation », The historical inaccurancies of the film Agora about the murder of Hypatia, The use of the ancient Greek texts in Cyril's works, Poreia martyrias, The rejection of the term Theotokos by Nestorius Constantinople more and his refutation by Cyril of Alexandria, "Is There Room for Two? [10] The prior year, Theophilus had been summoned by the emperor to Constantinople to apologize before a synod, over which Chrysostom would preside, on account of several charges which were brought against him by certain Egyptian monks. Click to find out more! The Roman Emperor Theodosius II, however, condemned him for behaving like a "proud pharaoh", and the Nestorian bishops at their synod at the Council of Ephesus declared him a heretic, labelling him as a "monster, born and educated for the destruction of the church."[1]. remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. He was born circa 376, in the town of Didouseya, Egypt, modern-day El-Mahalla El-Kubra. This reply, the latest of ancient Christian apologetic works against paganism, also preserves significant extracts from Julian’s works. "St. Cyril of Alexandria." Einleitung, kritischer Text, Übersetzung, Einzelanalyse, Traditio Exegetica Graeca 18, Leuven-Paris-Bristol 2019, Jan Zuidhoek (2019) Reconstructing Metonic 19-year Lunar Cycles (on the basis of NASA's Six Millenium Catalog of Phases of the Moon): Zwolle (. Finally, Emperor Theodosius II convoked the Council of Ephesus (in 431) to solve the dispute. Saint Cyril of Alexandria was the Patriarch of Alexandria during the early part of the 5th century and a key figure in the Christological controversies of his time. His debate with the heretic Nestorius was the impetus for the Council of Ephesus in 431 AD where the Church officially adopted the long held understanding that Mary is Theotokos , “Mother of God.” This began a series of letters between Cyril and Nestorius which gradually became more strident in tone. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Einleitung, kritischer Text, Übersetzung, Einzelanalyse, Traditio Exegetica Graeca 16, Leuven-Paris-Bristol, CT, 2015, Konrad F. Zawadzki, Syrische Fragmente des Kommentars Cyrills von Alexandrien zum 1. He was enthroned when the city was at the height of its influence and power within the Roman Empire. 27-06-2016. He was a central figure in the Council of Ephesus in 431, which led to the deposition of Nestorius as Patriarch of Constantinople. [15] He began to exert his authority by causing the churches of the Novatianists to be closed and their sacred vessels to be seized. Crowds gathered to read the edict shortly after it was posted in the city's theater. St. Cyril of Alexandria On June 27, the Catholic Church honours St. Cyril of Alexandria. Blog. also 9 June, Archbishop of Alexandria, 18 Jan. (Read more about himin the second book, Narratives).

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