The purpose of a DDoS attack is to significantly amplify the level of the attack beyond that which can be generated by a single attack system in order to overload larger and more protected victims. firewall — A security tool, which may be a hardware or software solution that is used to filter network traffic. For a complete list of cyber terms, see the Glossary. identity cloning — A form of identity theft in which the attacker takes on the identity of a victim and then attempts to live and act as the stolen identity. Unfortunately, as long as computers exist, we are at risk of having our digital data compromised and manipulated. plaintext) by performing the decryption process using the same symmetric encryption algorithm and the same key used during the encryption process. cyberattack — Any attempt to violate the security perimeter of a logical environment. However, when the victim uses the host file, the malicious payload is automatically deposited onto their computer system. How to Get Unbanned from Omegle in Simple Steps and Useful Tips to Securely Use It February 10, 2021; What Is A VPN? A flooding attack sends massive amounts of network traffic to the target overloading the ability of network devices and servers to handle the raw load. unauthorized access — Any access or use of a computer system, network or resource which is in violation of the company security policy or when the person or user was not explicitly granted authorization to access or use the resource or system. DDoS attacks are often waged using botnets. A virus is typically designed to damage or destroy data, but different viruses implement their attack at different rates, speeds or targets. ciphertext — The unintelligible and seeming random form of data that is produced by the cryptographic function of encryption. However, spyware can also be operated by attackers using the data gathering tool to steal an identity or learn enough about a victim to harm them in other ways. to encrypt or encode). Generally, a data breach results in internal data being made accessible to external entities without authorization. Outsourcing is often used to obtain best-of-breed level service rather than settling for good-enough internal operations. restore — The process of returning a system back to a state of normalcy. internet, then firewall, then the DMZ, then another firewall, then the private LAN). antivirus software — A software program that monitors a computer system or network communications for known examples of malicious code and then attempts to remove or quarantine the offending items. Short for “penetration testing,” this practice is a means of evaluating security using hacker tools and techniques with the aim of discovering vulnerabilities and evaluating security flaws. cryptography — The application of mathematical processes on data-at-rest and data-in-transit to provide the security benefits of confidentiality, authentication, integrity and non-repudiation. Below is a massive list of cyber bullying words - that is, words related to cyber bullying. A red team is often used as part of a multi-team penetration test (i.e. Authentication occurs after the initial step of identification (i.e. APT (Advanced Persistent Threat) — A security breach that enables an attacker to gain access or control over a system for an extended period of time usually without the owner of the system being aware of the violation. It is important to keep AV software detection databases current in order to have the best chance of detecting known forms of malware. (Also known as sniffing or eavesdropping.). It is the public key of a subject signed by the private key of a certificate authority with clarifying text information such as issuer, subject identity, date of creation, date of expiration, algorithms, serial number and thumbprint (i.e. SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) — A formal process by which the security of an organization is monitored and evaluated on a constant basis. social engineering — An attack focusing on people rather than technology. #OpIsrael, a broad " anti-Israel " attack. outsider threat — The likelihood or potential that an outside entity, such as an ex-employee, competitor or even an unhappy customer, may pose a risk to the stability or security of an organization. Your browser is incompatible with this site. A hacking attack that tricks victims into clicking on an unintended link or button, usually disguised as a harmless element. If an organization's mission critical processes are interrupted, this could result in the organization ceasing to exist. For example, WannaCry Ransomware. Well, basically the problem is, you do not know the depths of the water until you start drowning. DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) — A segment or subnet of a private network where resources are hosted and accessed by the general public from the Internet. The Glossary of Identify and Cybersecurity Terms, compiled by the University of Texas at Austin’s Center for Identity, explores the definitions of commonly used identity and cybersecurity terms. Often an APT takes advantage of numerous unknown vulnerabilities or zero day attacks, which allow the attacker to maintain access to the target even as some attack vectors are blocked. Botnet – A botnet (robot and network) is a network of devices infected by an attacker and then used together to perform tasks such as DDoS attacks (see below), mining Bitcoin, and spreading spam emails. It is a violation of availability. Some ISPs offer additional services above that of just connectivity such as e-mail, web hosting and domain registration. We’re here to make this learning curve easier by providing a list of the 25 most important cyber security terminology that everyone should know: A technology that allows us to access our files and/or services through the internet from anywhere in the world. Asymmetric encryption is used to provide secure symmetric key generation, secure symmetric key exchange (via digital envelopes created through the use of the recipient's public key) verification of source, verification/control of recipient, digital signature (a combination of hashing and use of the sender's private key) and digital certificates (which provides third-party authentication services). A series of computers and associated peripherals (routers, printers, scanners), that are all … A piece of malware that can replicate itself in order to spread the infection to other connected computers. Upgrade to a different browser like Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox to experience this site. It is the digital environment within which software operates and data is manipulated and exchanged. outsourcing or buying insurance) or avoid and deter risk. Cyber Security. phishing — A social engineering attack that attempts to collect information from victims. A honeypot is used to distract attackers in order to prevent them from attacking actual production systems. Identity cloning is often performed in order to hide the birth country or a criminal record of the attacker in order to obtain a job, credit or other secured financial instrument. Related Term (s): private key, asymmetric cryptography. Ciphertext is produced by a symmetric algorithm when a data set is transformed by the encryption process using a selected key. critical infrastructure — The physical or virtual systems and assets that are vital to an organization or country. Once malware is detected, the AV program will attempt to remove the offending item from the system or may simply quarantine the file for further analysis by an administrator. outsourcing — The action of obtaining services from an external entity. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line is a technology for transmitting digital information at a high bandwidth on existing phone lines to homes and businesses. A key is a number defined by its length in binary digits. The National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) have written a blog that helps to explain this change . (See whitelist.). OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) — An Internet community focused on understanding web technologies and exploitations. Countermeasures, safeguards or security controls are to be selected that may eliminate or reduce risk, assign or transfer risk to others (i.e. Malware includes a wide range of types of malicious programs including: virus, worm, Trojan horse, logic bomb, backdoor, Remote Access Trojan (RAT), rootkit, ransomware and spyware/adware. The whitelist is often a list of the file name, path, file size and hash value of the approved software. The Blue Team defends the enterprise’s information systems while the Red Team attacks. encryption key — The secret number value used by a symmetric encryption algorithm to control the encryption and decryption process. Behavioral monitoring can include the tracking of trends, setting of thresholds and defining responses. The 25,000+ policy term Terminology Repository provides awareness on those specific or descriptive terms in defense documents (policy, strategy, planning, doctrine, etc.) With a backup, damaged or lost data files can be restored. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) — A complex mechanism used to gather data and physical world metrics as well as perform measurement or management actions of the monitored systems for the purposes of automatic large complex real-world processes such as oil refining, nuclear power generation or water filtration. Examples of a SaaS include online e-mail services or online document editing systems. Admin bomb: Admin setting everything in a user's account to zero such as infrastructure, technology, money, soldiers, etc. A group of computers, printers and devices that are interconnected and governed as a whole. The first step in protecting yourself is to recognize the risks. a recipe) for using cryptographic concepts in support of secure communications, storage and job tasks. Hacktivism is often viewed by attackers as a form of protest or fighting for their perceived “right” or “justice.” However, it is still an illegal action in most cases when the victim’s technology or data is abused, harmed or destroyed. virus — A form of malware that often attaches itself to a host file or the MBR (Master Boot Record) as a parasite. Common forms include: viruses, trojans, worms and ransomware. Cyber Security is a complex place to live in, it is an ever-evolving landscape of challenges, that changes on a daily basis, and is difficult for the seasoned professional to keep up with. So, once a hacker understands what motivates a person’s actions, they can usually retrieve exactly what they’re looking for – like financial data and passwords. A firewall is based on an implicit deny stance where all traffic is blocked by default. It also contains nearly all of the terms and definitions from CNSSI-4009. The transformation of data to hide its information content. A PaaS system allows the customer to reduce hardware deployment in their own local facility and to take advantage of on-demand computing (also known as pay as you go). The A to Z of Cyber Security terms. ARO—Annualized Rate of Occurrence) in order to calculate a relative risk value known as the ALE (Annualized Loss Expectancy). security perimeter — The boundary of a network or private environment where specific security policies and rules are enforced. cybersecurity — The efforts to design, implement, and maintain security for an organization's network, which is connected to the Internet. information security policy — A written account of the security strategy and goals of an organization. (See blacklist.). A technique used by hackers to obtain sensitive information. patch — An update or change or an operating system or application. Adware. 25 Cyber Security Terms That Everyone Who Uses A Computer Should Know, Law Firms Are Targets For Hackers, Cybersecurity Experts Say, 15 Alarming Statistics About Law Firm Data Security, 6 Steps on How to Create Stronger Passwords, Cybint Partners with Grand View University to Offer Cybersecurity Bootcamp in Iowa, How to Create a Cybersecurity Program at Your School. One method is the screened subnet configuration, which has the structure of I-F-DMZ-F-LAN (i.e. (Also known as countermeasure or safeguard.). Technically speaking, it’s a collection of computers with large storage capabilities that remotely serve requests. (See botnet.). (Also known as security policy.). The action of dividing a data set into blocks enables the algorithm to encrypt data of any size. An insider has both physical access and logical access (through their network logon credentials). All Rights Reserved. data integrity — A security benefit that verifies data is unmodified and therefore original, complete and intact. password, PIN, or combination), Type 2: something you have (e.g. A type of software application or script that performs tasks on command, allowing an attacker to take complete control remotely of an affected computer. Refers to a company security policy that allows for employees’ personal devices to be used in business. Their approach includes understanding attacks in order to know how to defend against them. The activities that address the short-term, direct effects of an incident and may also support short-term recovery. There are three primary forms of access control: DAC, MAC, and RBAC. A technology that allows us to access our files and/or services through the … POS intrusions can occur against a traditional brick-and-mortar retail location as well as any online retail websites. watch for programs that have behaviors that are different from the normal baseline of behavior of the system), and heuristic detection (i.e. If you want a meaningful career that will positively impact hundreds, if not thousands of lives, consider becoming an information security analyst, a cyber security expert.You can't pick up a newspaper, turn on the television, or visit a news website without finding out about the latest hacking scandal. List Based Access Control associates a list of users and their privileges with each object, such as a file directory or individual file. Cybercrime includes single actors or groups targeting systems for financial gain or to cause disruption. BCP (Business Continuity Planning) — A business management plan used to resolve issues that threaten core business tasks. Cybersecurity Vocabulary: What Words Do You Need to Know? cyber ecosystem — The collection of computers, networks, communication pathways, software, data and users that comprise either a local private network or the world-wide Internet. (See payment card skimmers.). DOS (or DoS) attacks include flooding attacks, connection exhaustion and resource demand. Rather than performing certain tasks and internal functions, outsourcing enables an organization to take advantages of external entities that can provide services for a fee. Blacklist– a list of emails or other service providers that spread spam messages. watch for programs which violate specific rules), behavioral detection (i.e. Cracker - When you hear the word hacker today, in reality it is normally referring to a cracker, but the … hacker — A person who has knowledge and skill in analyzing program code or a computer system, modifying its functions or operations and altering its abilities and capabilities. Alternatives include receiving an e-mail and needing to click on a link in the message for confirmation, or viewing a pre-selected image and statement before typing in another password or PIN. Eavesdropping can be used to refer to both data packet capture on a network link (also known as sniffing or packet capture) and to audio recording using a microphone (or listening with ears). biometrics—fingerprint, iris scan, retina scan, hand geometry, signature verification, voice recognition, and keystroke dynamics). vulnerability — Any weakness in an asset or security protection which would allow for a threat to cause harm. The goal is to reduce risk down to an acceptable or tolerable level. hacktivism — Attackers who hack for a cause or belief rather than some form of personal gain. drive-by download — A type of web-based attack that automatically occurs based on the simple act of visiting a malicious or compromised/poisoned Web site. Most SPAM is advertising, but some may include malicious code, malicious hyperlinks or malicious attachments. smart card, RSA SecureID FOB, or USB drive), and Type 3: something you are (e.g. Check back with Cybint for any follow-up tips and advice by signing up for our mailing list below. worm — A form of malware that focuses on replication and distribution. Ciphertext is produced by a symmetric encryption algorithm when a data set is transformed by the encryption process using a selected key (i.e. The term zombie can be used to refer to the system that is host to the malware agent of the botnet or to the malware agent itself. Data loss occurs when a storage device is lost or stolen. Uncover knowledge areas in which you excel and where you want to expand. A Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack is an explicit attempt by attackers to deny … —Clone Phishing. JBOH (JavaScript-Binding-Over-HTTP) — A form of Android-focused mobile device attack that enables an attacker to be able to initiate the execution of arbitrary code on a compromised device. The threats countered by cyber-security are three-fold: 1. An interruption of the supply chain can cause a termination of the production of the final product immediately or this effect might not be noticed until the materials already in transit across the supply chain are exhausted. A technique used to manipulate and deceive people to gain sensitive and private information. A drive-by download can install tracking tools, remote access backdoors, botnet agents, keystroke loggers or other forms of malicious utilities. (Also known as Malware Scanner.) supply chain — The path of linked organizations involved in the process of transforming original or raw materials into a finished product that is delivered to a customer. Digital forensics focuses on gathering, preserving and analyzing the fragile and volatile data from a computer system and/or network. A hacker may be ethical and authorized (the original definition) or may be malicious and unauthorized (the altered but current use of the term). SPAM — A form of unwanted or unsolicited messages or communications typically received via e-mail but also occurring through text messaging, social networks or VoIP. Although their intentions are sometimes benign and motivated by curiosity, their actions are typically in … A form of multi-factor authentication. plain text) by performing the decryption process using the same symmetric encryption algorithm and the key used during the encryption process. spoof (spoofing) — The act of falsifying the identity of the source of a communication or interaction. two-step authentication — A means of authentication commonly employed on websites as an improvement over single factor authentication but not as robust as two-factor authentication. backing up — Creating a duplicate copy of data onto a separate physical storage device or online/cloud storage solution. CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) — An online database of attacks, exploits and compromises operated by the MITRE organization for the benefit of the public. A honeypot may contain false data in order to trick attackers into spending considerable time and effort attacking and exploiting the false system. SIEM helps to automatically identify systems that are out of compliance with the security policy as well as to notify the IRT (Incident Response Team) of any security violating events. Cyber-attack often involves politically motivated information gathering. Another kind of malware that allows cybercriminals to remotely control your computer. Most anti-virus (AV) products use a pattern recognition or signature matching system to detect the presence of known malicious code. Firewalls can be hardware or software-based. Air Force Cyber Command; Fleet Cyber Command; Marine Corps Cyberspace Command; United States Army Cyber … It is a combination of logical/technical-, physical- and personnel-focused countermeasures, safeguards and security controls. The false website will often look and operate similarly to the legitimate site and focus on having the victim provide their logon credentials and potentially other personal identity information such as answers to their security questions, an account number, their social security number, mailing address, email address and/or phone number. Ciphertext is produced by a symmetric encryption algorithm when a data set is transformed by the encryption process using a selected key. Regardless of your role in an organization, this glossary of cybersecurity terms was compiled for everyone from the security professional to the general end-user. Anti Virus Software. The capabilities include activity monitoring, collecting keystrokes, data harvesting (account information, logins, financial data), and more. anti-virus (anti-malware) — A security program designed to monitor a system for malicious software. SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) — A type of cloud computing service where the provider offers the customer the ability to use a provided application. It can be expensive and increases an organization's security risk due to the exposure of internal information and data to outsiders. The security perimeter prevents any interactions between outside entities and internal entities that might violate or threaten the security of the internal systems. Generally, the damage caused by a worm is indirect and due to the worm's replication and distribution activities consuming all system resources. public key cryptography. These actions include DoS flooding attacks, hosting false Web services, spoofing DNS, transmitting SPAM, eavesdropping on network communications, recording VOIP communications and attempting to crack encryption or password hashes. In most cases, the occurrence of the infection based on the drive-by download is unnoticed by the user/victim. A honeypot may also be able to discover new attacks or the identity of the attackers. IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) — A security tool that attempts to detect the attempt to compromise the security of a target and then prevent that attack from becoming successful. Phishing. PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) — A security framework (i.e. The SaaS provider is responsible for maintaining the application. For a typical LAN, all of the network cables or interconnection media is owned and controlled by the organization unlike a WAN (Wide Area Network) where the interconnection media is owned by a third party. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. (Also known as drive-by download.). Whether you’re embarking on a cybersecurity journey by understanding essential defensive methods or expanding to product-specific training, we have courses to help you excel. DOS (Denial of Service) — An attack that attempts to block access to and use of a resource. For example, some viruses attempt to destroy files on a computer as quickly as possible while others may do so slowly over hours or days. A form of malware that deliberately prevents you from accessing files on your computer – holding your data hostage. Botnets can be comprised of dozens to over a million individual computers. For example, Microsoft Office is an application software. The distinction of DDOS from DOS is that the attack traffic may originate from numerous sources or is reflected or bounced off of numerous intermediary systems. authentication — The process of proving an individual is a claimed identity. As a collaborating author for BitVPN blog, Joe Zahl has been professional in cybersecurity and online privacy insights. It includes any and all attacks and abuses known for any type of computer system or software product. Phishing attacks can take place over e-mail, text messages, through social networks or via smart phone apps. Blue team. 2. It is important to store backups for disaster recovery at an offsite location in order to insure they are not damaged by the same event that would damage the primary production location. Most viruses spread through human activity within and between computers. patch management — The management activity related to researching, testing, approving and installing updates and patches to computer systems, which includes firmware, operating systems and applications. 3. For example: We’ve only covered the tip of the iceberg as far as cyber security terms, but this will get you started. A type of malware that functions by spying on user activity without their knowledge. cracker — The proper term to refer to an unauthorized attacker of computers, networks and technology instead of the misused term “hacker.” However, this term is not as widely used in the media; thus, the term hacker has become more prominent in-spite of the terms misuse. identity fraud — A form of identity theft in which a transaction, typically financial, is performed using the stolen identity of another individual. This list is implemented differently by each operating system. Their goal is to help anyone with a website improve the security of their site through defensive programming, design and configuration. (Also known as authorization.). Cryptography includes three primary components: symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption and hashing. Thus, digital forensics can be challenging to properly collect relevant evidence while complying with the rules of evidence in order to ensure that such collected evidence is admissible in court. DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) Attack — An attack which attempts to block access to and use of a resource. Ethernet. Just keeping up with and understanding the acronyms and terms associated with Cyber can be daunting. social engineering) or physical attack concepts. This activity allows the evaluation of the header contents as well as the payload of network communications. Some AV products have adopted technologies to potentially detect new and unknown malware. MAC (Mandatory Access Control) manages access using labels of classification or clearance on both subjects and objects, and only those subjects with equal or superior clearance are allowed to access resources. A tool that allows the user to remain anonymous while using the internet by masking the location and encrypting traffic. (Also known as threat modeling and threat inventory.). the original form of normal standard data) into ciphertext (i.e. Understanding how your device works is not as hard as it sounds. A comprehensive list of security terms you should know. But, if you could nail long division in the 4th grade, then you can learn cyber basics that will get you pretty far in your own personal security as well as your company’s. Advanced firewalls can make allow/deny decisions based on user authentication, protocol, header values and even payload contents. Cyberattacks can be initiated through exploitation of a vulnerability in a publicly exposed service, through tricking a user into opening an infectious attachment, or even causing automated installation of exploitation tools through innocent website visits. An attacker will attempt to use whatever means to imbed their skimmer into a payment system that will have the highest likelihood of not being detected and thus gather the most amount of financial information from victims. POS (Point of Sale) intrusions — An attack that gains access to the POS (Point of Sale) devices at a retail outlet enabling an attacker to learn payment card information as well as other customer details. The attacker often falsifies their caller-ID in order to trick the victim into believing they are receiving a phone call from a legitimate or trustworthy source such as a bank, retail outlet, law enforcement or charity. Symmetric encryption is used to provide confidentiality. List of cyber attack threat trends; List of cyber warfare forces; List of cyberattacks; Penetration test; Proactive cyber defence; Signals intelligence; United States Cyber Command. SCADA can provide automated control over very large complex systems whether concentrated in a single physical location or spread across long distances. A PaaS operator determines which operating systems or execution environments are offered. Connection exhaustion repeatedly makes connection requests to a target to consume all system resources related to connections, which prevents any other connections from being established or maintained.

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